Film advance and shutter reset



July 18, 1950 G. N. SMITH FILM ADVANCE AND SHUTTER RESET 6 Sheets-Sheetl Filed June 16, 1947 P226 ha@ /44 'Il l l l l l lll-ll 1 m 7 a s 1uszozs July 18, 1950 G. N. SMITH 2,515,272

l FILM ADVANCE AND SHUTTER RESET Filed June 16, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 2mum /7 TTUR/vix/ July 18, 1950 G. N. SMITH FILM ADVANCE AND SHUTTERRESET 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 16, 1947 July 18, 1950 G. N. SMITHFILM ADVANCE AND SHUTTER RESET 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 16, 1947 July18, 1950 G. N. SMITH FILM ADVANCE AND SHUTTER RESET 6 Sheets-Sheet 5Filed June 16, 1947 July 18, 19.50 l G. N. SMITH 2,515,272

FILM ADVANCE AND SHUTTER RESET Filed June 16, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 6Patented `uly 18, 1,950

2,515,272l l FILM ADVANCE AND sHU'r'rER RESET Gordon N. smith, Portland,oreg., assignmto Stereocraft Engineering Co., Portland, Oreg., a

partnership Application June 16, 1947, Serial No. 754,963

The present invention relates to film advancing and metering mechanismparticularly adapted for use in stereoscopic cameras but having somefeatures of value to ordinary cameras suitable for taking singlepictures. In the taking of stereon scopic pictures, a pair of lensassemblies are operated simultaneously to produce a matched pair ofphotographs of the same subject, the photographs having spacedrelationship to each other as determined by the spacing of the lensassemblies. In this fashion each lens assembly produces a picturecorresponding to the vision of an individual eye of a pair of human eyesso that when the resulting pair of photographs is viewed in astereoscopic viewer, the sense of depth is created and so that theeffect of a threedimensional picture is obtained. For various reasons,including efficient film consumption, I prefer that the lens assembliesof a stereoscopic camera be spaced from each other at such a distancethat the two views produced thereby on a strip of film are separated bya length of lm equal to one of the views, plus margins. Thus, on the rstexposure, the first and third frames of a nlm strip will be exposed,leaving the second frame unexposed.

An object of my invention is to provide a method and means for exposingthe entire film strip without lm Wastage or overlapping of views. Inorder to achieve this object, means are provided for advancing the filmalternately one and three frames. Thus, the first exposure will exposeframes Nos. l and 3; the second exposure will expose frames Nos. 2 and4; the thirdexposure will expose frames Nos. 5 and 7 the fourth exposurewill expose frames Nos. 6 and 8, and so on alternately advancing thefilm one and three frames until the entire strip is exposed or thedesired number of pictures taken. This picture sequence is well known inthe art.

A further object of the present invention is to provide means in adaylight loading stereoscopic camera of the type wherein a lm cartridgeis placed in the camera and a leader portion of the film exposed whileloading whereby the entire exposed leader is advanced beyond theexposure area prior to the taking of the first exposure. In a camerawherein the lens assemblies are separated by a distance such that anunexposed frame will remain between the two exposed frames, this leaderstrip necessarily will be greater than three frames in length.

An object of the present invention is to provide a camera having meansfor alternately advancing the film one and three frames during 15Claims.

normal stereoscopic exposures, and means for advancing more than threeframes during the loading operation to assure the first exposure fallingentirely upon unexposed nlm.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopiccamera having means for alternately advancing one and three framesduring the normal exposure operations, with means to assure the operatorthat the first lm advance, after loading the camera and taking the firstpair of pictures, will be one frame in length rather than three framesfor eiiicient film consumption.

A further object of the present invention is to provide means to measureor meter the film accurately during advancing movements so that none ofthe exposures will overlap.

A further objectl of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopiccamera with manual means including a reset knob for advancing the filmcoupled with the shutter resetting mechanism, the reset knob beinguniformly rotatable to the same extent during each resetting operationwhether the iilm is advanced one frame or a plurality of frames.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopiccamera with a single selector mechanism by means of which the operatorcan direct the automatic functioning of any one of several camerafunctions including: first, measuring of the exposed lm leader to insurethat it will be advanced past the exposure area after loading fresh filmin the camera; second, achieving normal stereoscopic sequence of filmadvance whereby the film is advanced alternately one frame and aplurality of frames for economical lm consumption; third, achievingdisengagement of the film advancing mechanism during a resettingoperation to permit resetting of the camera without advancing the filmbetween exposures whereby the camera may be utilized as an ordinarycamera for taking single pictures, and for intentional double exposures;and fourth, achieving disengagement of both the advancing mechanism anda snubbing device, normally preventing film rewinding, so that whendesired the exposed film may be rewound into the lm magazine. Coupledwith the foregoing object is the object of providing a stereoscopiccamera which may be used at will as a stereoscopic camera for takingmatched pairs of eX- posures or as an ordinary camera for taking singleexposures, permitting the operator to intersperse stereoscopic viewswith ordinary views without wasting nlm. y

A further object of the present invention is to provide means includinga shutter mechanism for making exposures, and an escapement mechanismfor timing the exposures by controlling the shutter mechanismbothcoupled with lm advancing means which may be operated concurrently withthe resetting of the shutter mechanism, or at will may remaininoperative to permit resetting of the shutter mechanism withoutlmadvancing movement.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a iilm measuringmechanism operatabl'e during resetting of the camera after "an exposureto advance accurately measured quantities of lm in units of lengthsuitable for taking stereoscopic or single pictures without overlappingof the frames.

A further object of the present invention is to provide aresettingmechanism associated with a lm advancing mechanism through a clutchincluding a positively engaging coupling member movable from driving toidling position or vice versa at various portions of the cycle ofoperation of the resetting mechanism as determined by the setting of aselector mechanism.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the present inventionwill be more readily apparent from an inspection of the followingspecication taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings whereinlike numerals refer to like parts throughout.

vIn the drawings the invention is illustrated by the following figures:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a stereoscopic camera embodying thepresent invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional View of the camera taken substantially along line2-2 of Fig. 4 and illustrating the positions of certain parts when theselector control is set to expose the film for stereoscopic pictures;

Fig. 3 is a plan View of the camera with the selector control set latStereo position corresponding to the setting of the parts disclosed inFig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken substantially along the line 6 4 ofFig. 5;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken substantially along the line 5-5 ofFig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view corresponding to Fig. 2 showing theparts in certain positions assumed at one time when the selector controlis set to the Load position;

Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 6 showing the parts in certainpositions' assumed when the selector control is set tc the Rewindposition.

Fig. S is a View similar to Fig. 6 showing the parts in certain positionassumed at another time when the selector control is set to the Loadposition.

Fig. 9 is a vertical section taken through the shutter controlling andreset mechanisms substantiallyY along the line 9 9 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the mechanism disclosed in Fig. 9 takensubstantially along line lil-IofFigA;

Fig. 1l is a partial view of the mechanism disclosed in Figs. 9 and 10at another stage of operation.

Fig.12 is a partial plan view of a portion of the exposure counter dialmechanism.

Fig. 13 is a view in elevation of the camera shutters when placed intheir Set` position ready to take an exposure;

Fig. 1 4 is a similar view showing one 'shutter released to initiate anexposure;

Fig. 15 is a similar View showing both shutters released iso-terminatethe exposure; and

Fig. 16 is a similar View showing the shutters in the course of beingmoved back to the Set position disclosed in Fig. 13.

The camera comprises a case 82 having a removable rear cover 68 held inposition by suitable releasable means such as indicated in Fig. 5. Thecase 82 preferably comprises a removable rigid bottom I5 which may beseparately molded and machined, whereas the balance of thel casepreferably comprises a molded unit attached by screws to the bottom l5as indicated in Fig, 4. The interior cf the camera preferably comprisesa frame |68 (Figs. 4 and 5) suitably associated with the bottom l5 byany convenient fastening means `(not herein disclosed), the frameincludving surfaces deiining a pair of horizontally spaced light tunnels34 adapted to transmit light to the film, when permitted to do so by thecamera shutters, from a pair of lens assemblies 98 and 99. Strip iilm isfed past the light tunnels and held in proper relation to the lenses bysuitable guiding surfaces at the rear of the frame 168 against which thenlm is pressed by pressure pads re= siliently mounted upon leaf springsfastened to the inner surface of the removable cover 88. Ihe nlm isadapted to be placed in the camera while rolled within the conventionallight-tight cartridge which may be placed in the cartridge cavity at theleft 'end of Fig. 4, and is 'adapted vto b wound on the lm spool at theright end of Fig. 4. Aiterexpos'ure ofthe desired number of frames' thenlm may be re-wcund into the cartridge, the rear cover S8 removed andthe lm cartridge removed.

As more fully disclosed in my co-pending ap'- plication, Serial No,754,961, led June 16, 1947, the present invention is particularlyadapted to be associated with a stereoscopic camera having shuttercontrolling means including exposure timer mechanism (not shown) andreset mechanism as more particularly disclosed in Figs, 9 and 1'0hereof. The shutter controlling means is especially adapted to controlshutters a's disclosed in Figs. 13 to 16 hereof. An 'exposureasinitiated by depressing a trip button |33 protruding from the rightfront corner ofthe upper surface of the case. The timing of the exposurevis 'controlled as more particularly described in the aforesaidAapplication and the duration of exposure will be indicated on anexposure speed dial IM visible through a window 144 and havingindiciamovable past a pointer 226 as the exposure speed control knobi112 is rotated.

In order to control the amount of light permitted to strike the filmrfor an e'xposine,` the lens assemblies 96 and 99 are preferablyprovided with adjustable iris diaphragms adjustable simultaneously andcoextensivel'y by rotating a'digaphragrn adjusting wheel 66 protrudingthrough a slot in the upper surface of the case as disclosed in mycopending application, Serial No. 754,962,1led June 16, 1947. Adjustmentof the irises is 'accompanied by simultaneous movement in oppositedirections of a stop scale lll visible at the left end of a centralwindow anda shield H8 visible at the right end of the same window, whichdenne therebetween the depth of iield for the particular diaphragm andfocus adjustments. The focus adjustment of the lens assemblies 98 and 99is accomplished byv rotation of a focus adjusting wheel 16! whichv movesa focus scale |06 past an indicator on the case, In the accompanyingdrawing, Fig-s. 2 and 3 show that the lenses have been set'for sharpfocus at 1 0 feet, the stop setting is i/5.6, and thedcpth of vfield is'substantially 61/2 feet to 30 feet. In Fig. 5 the lenses have been setto have sharpest focus at feet, and the diaphragms adjusted for a stopsetting of f/8, thereby increasing the depth of field to 51/2 feetminimum to 60 feet maximum. The mechanism for accomplishing theadjustments and moving the indicating members to indicate focus,diaphragm and depth of field values is more fully disclosed and claimedin the aforesaid application, Serial No. 754,962.

Figs, 13 to 16 inclusive disclose the preferred form of exposurecontrolling means comprising a pair of superimposed shutter blades I and3 guided between members 5 and 5 (Fig. 10) and movable during exposureby the associated springs 2 and 4 located in the slots IBD and IBI. Thefront shutter I is provided with a pair of apertures |35 having theirleft ends rounded and the rear shutter 3 is provided with a pair ofapertures |36 having their right ends rounded. When the apertures aresuitably aligned with the small end of the light tunnels 34 as seen inFig. 14, maximum light intensity is permitted to strike the lrn. Shorterexposures may be achieved by releasing both shutters simultaneously, orsubstantially so, in which case the vertical slots formed by theoverlapping ends of the apertures |35 and |36 as disclosed in Fig. 13will flash by the light tunnels and permit minimum or variable shortexposures of the lm. When 'the shutters are in Set po sition asdisclosed in Fig. 13 the front shutter I obscures the light tunnels eventhough the apertures |36 are aligned therewith, and at completion of anexposure (Fig. the rear shutter 3 obscures the light tunnels even thoughthe apertures |35 are aligned therewith The shutters are ofsubstantially the same size and weight and are tensioned by springs ofsubstantially the same effective strength against substantially the sameresistance so that they move at substanially the same speed. The springs2 and 4 extend from an ear I3I (Fig. 13) struck from the guide 5 and liewithin slots |39, one of which has a suitable extension ISI permittingmovement of each shutter blade independently of the other withoutfrictional resistance of the springs. The shutters are movable from theReleased position of Fig. l5 to the Set position of Fig. 13 by a linger274 on a reset lever 35 (Fig. 10) which engages a pair of superimposedslots IEB and |63 and which is guided for rectilinear movement by a tab213 engaging a guide rail 232. Upon reciprocation of the linger 214toward the left the shutters are moved to the position disclosed in Fig.16, in which a primary latch 9 may engage in superimposed slots ISI and|61 and a secondary latch I may engage in superimposed edge notches |32and |66. The latches 9 and I0 are controlled by the timer and escapementmechanism disclosed in Figs. 9 and l0 so that after the linger 2714 isretracted the primary latch 9 holds both shutter blades in the positiondisclosed in Fig. 13. Secondary latch IU normally does not engage eithershutter but is held in position to engage blade 3 if desired. If themechanism is set for an instantaneous exposure of shortest possibleduration, the secondary latch I0 is released prior to release of theprimary latch 9 in which event 'the shutters will ilash past the lensesand the exposure will be such as achieved by the amount of lighttraversing the vertical slots formed by the blades as the slots ash pastthe light tunnels. If a high speed exposure of variable extent isdesired, the latch ID is held in latching position for an adjustableperiod of time after release of latch 9. Means for effecting a longexposure operation is disclosed in Fig. 14 wherein it is seen that bladeI has come to rest and blade 3 has not started to move. Upon release oflatch I at the duration of the timed interval, blade 3 completes theexposure as seen in Fig. l5. Likewise, if a manually controlled timeexposure is desired, the latch controlling mechanism is so set that upondepression of the trip button |33, blade i moves to Released positionbut blade 3 will be held and permitted to move only when the button |33is released. The exposure timing and latch releasing mechanism is morefully disclosed and claimed in my aforesaid application, Serial N o.754,961.

The present invention is concerned with means whereby the lm may beproperly positioned in the camera for the initial exposure, and meanswhereby successive exposures may be made without overlapping or filmwastage, whether the camera be used as a stereoscopic camera for takingmatched pairs of pictures or as a conventional camera for taking singlepictures.

Although all of the mechanism described in the succeeding pages isinterrelated, various portions thereof will described separately so asto clarify the operation of the invention.

Loading-The back cover 88 may be removed and the conventional filmcartridge placed in the cartridge cavity at the left end of the camera.A rewind knob is positioned above the cartridge cavity and is fixed tothe end of a rewind shaft 32 which is suitably journalled in the case 32and frame 88. A snubbing spring 39 is disposed about the shaft in thespace between the cover and the frame, the lower end of the spring beinglaterally disposed and hooked into engagement with a depending portionof the case 82 (Fig. 2). The upper end of the spring extends laterallyfrom the shaft in position to be engageable by an upstanding tab |29 ona selector arm I Irl pivotally mounted on a boss rising from the uppersurface of the frame |33. The rewind shaft 33 may be axially shifted toengage or disengage the nlm cartridge in conventional manner. Normallythe spring 39 hugs the shaft 33 and prohibits its rotation in aclockwise direction, the spring tension being such, however, that theshaft will readily rotate counterclockwise when the iilm is beingunwound from the cartridge. When the selector lever |I4 is moved toanother position, such that the tab |23 engages the projecting end ofthe spring and unwinds the spring from the shaft a certain amount, theshaft may be turned freely in either direction or moved axially withoutrestraint from the spring. Movement of the selector lever IIll isaccomplished by means of a pin II2 projecting from a crank |28 into aslot in the lever, the crank being iixed to a selector knob |21projecting above the cover and having a dial thereon movable past apointer, the dial being marked with the words Load, Stereof and RewindWhen the dial is rotated to place the word Rewind in proper relationshipto the index point, henceforth to be called the Rewind position, thecrank moves the lever IIll to the position illustrated in Fig. 7whereupon the shaft 38 may be retracted to permit insertion of thecartridge and then depressed to engage the cartridge. The protruding endof the film is then drawn past the rear ends of the light tunnels andengaged in a slot through a spool shell 42 xed about the intermediateportion of a film spool EI rotatably journalled on a reset shaft 33extending through the lm receiving cavity at the right end of the frame|53. Under certain conditions, to be explained later, the spool 4| maybe rotated counterclockwise by turning a reset knob di) fixed to resetshaft 33. Reset shaft 33 is permanently held against major clockwiserotation by a snubbing spring d5. After positioning the end of the filmin engagement with the spool, the rear cover 88 is repositioned and theselector knob |21 set to Load (Fig. 6). The reset knob 4|) is thenrotated as far as possible in a counterclockwise direction.` Thisadvances the film more than three frames, thus winding all of theexposed leader onto the film spool and presenting unexposed film to thelight tunnel areas. When the film is thus loaded, it is suitably guidedpast the rear openings of the light tunnels and held against the rearsurface of the frame |98 by the pressure pads 9G and held in properrelationship to the lens assemblies 93 and 99. It is to be remarked thatthe distance between the light tunnels Sli is such that a single framewill remain unexposed when positioned there.

The film suitable for the camera herein illustrated is preferably 35millimeter film having two perforation tracks along its edges; but theinvention is not to be limited to this size or to this type of film asvariations in film may be accommodated by suitably varying thedimensions or otherwise modifying the film advancing and meteringmechanism. In the preferred form the perforations in the film engagesprocket teeth exa tending from the top and bottom of a sprocket l (Fig.4) journalled upon a sprocket shaft ii extending vertically through theintermediate portion of the frame itt and having a sprocket shaft pinion25 and a sprocket cam |8 at its upper end. A snubbing spring 2| havingone end fixed to the sprocket I9 and its other end wrapped about thesprocket shaft permits the sprocket le to turn clockwise without turningthe shaft Il, but enables sprocket I9, when rotated counterclockwise, toturn the shaft l1. rfhus, when the film is held in engagement with thesprocket teeth by the pressure pads 96, counter-clockwise rotat-ion ofthe film spool il to advance the film will rotate the cam I8, whileclockwise rotation of the rewind shaft 38 to rewind the film into thefilm cartridge will not rotate cam i8.

Winding movement of the spool 6| is accom plished by turning the resentknob lll) and shaft 33 to which it is xed counter-clockwise, when aclutching mechanism is engaged. rThe clutching mechanism comprises agear it xed to the shaft 33 and a smaller toothed gear i3 on the upperend of the spool lll and rotatable with respect to the shaft 33,simultaneous rotation of the two gears being accomplished through aclutch pinion 55 when it is moved into engagement with the teeth of thegears i3 and lill. The gear (i3 is held from being turned by the springeffect of the film by a friction washer interposed between the gear 43and frame |98. The clutch pinion, 55 is mounted upon a clutch pinionlever 53 pivoted on a stud |2| extending upward from the frame |58, saidpinion being movable from and into clutching position by a clutch lever5| pivoted on a stud 55|, and driving clutch pinion lever 53 through aconnecting toggle link 52. Clockwise rocking of clutch lever 5| causesthe clutch pin-l ion 55 to move into engagement with the gears 43 andMl, henceforth called engaging the clutch whereas counterclockwiserocking of clutch lever 5| causes the clutch pinion 55 to move out ofengagement with gears 43 and All,

henceforth called disengaging the clutch. Gear le is preferably providedwith longer teeth than gear 3 to assure engagement of clutch pinion 55with both gears substantially immediately upon movement thereof intoclutching position, since if the gear teeth are not aligned, clutchpinion 55 will turn gear 44 a fraction of a tooth width and then engagegear 43. Movement of clutch lever 5| is effected in two ways; first, bythe selector lever ||4; and second, by a spring 58.

First mam/ier of moving the clutch lever 51.- An upbent ear 5|5 on theright end of selector lever lill, Fig. 2, is arranged to engage eitherclutch lever 5| or clutch index 5|! when the selector lever llll isrocked by crank pin ||2 engaging its slot (Figs. 6 and 7). Crank pin ||2is fixed to a selector knob crank |28 journalled in case 82 andexternally adjustable by the selector knob l2?. When the dial is set toRewind the crank |28 and selector lever ||l are positioned as in Fig. 7,with ear fait bearing on clutch lever 5| whereby the clutch isdisengaged. If the dial were now set to Stered crank |28 and selectorlever it would be positioned as shown on Fig. 2, and clutch lever 5|could remain in its counterclockwise position as shown or be movedclockwise by cooperating elements as described later.

Second marmer of moving the clutch lever 51 A clutch index 5G islpivoted at 50|] to the lower surface of clutch lever 5|, said indexcarrying a bent-down tab |24 designed to align with a notch |25 in thesprocket cam I8, a second bent-down tab |25 aligning with an auxiliarycam 69 and a third tab |23 with portions extending both above and belowclutch index 55. That portion of tab |23 extending upwardly may strikeclutch lever 5| as shown in Figs. 2 and 7, thereby limiting thecounter-clockwise rotation of index 5D with respect to clutch lever 5|.That portion of 'tab' |23 extending downwardly may strike a fulcrumlever t@ pivoted at 553 on a stud projecting from the frame |55. Afourth tab 5||i is bent down from index 55 and is cupped to Areceive theend of compression spring 58 which is tensioned to urge the index 5bcounter-clockwise about its pivot 550.

The line of thrust of the spring 58 is to the right of the stud 55| sothat the spring 58 tends to rock the clutch lever 5| counter-clockwiseabout stud 55 The line of thrust and the posie tion of the pivot pointsare chosen to give a predetermined ratio of torques to the index 55 andthe clutch lever 5| for proper operation as will be apparent later in mydisclosure.

When the selector lll is in its inoperative posi'- tion at Stored spring58 urges both the index 5|) and the clutch lever 5| counter-clockwise,`and, if the notch |25 in the cam I8 and the reduced portion of cam |59align with the tabs |24 and |25 and an extension 5||l of a regulatinglever shaft stop 7| does not interfere with tab |23, then the index 5|)and the clutch lever 5| will rock counterclockwise as a unit to theposition shown in Fig. 2 with the clutch disengaged.

Regulating lever stop ll, fixed to a regulating lever shaft l@ is urgedin a counter-clockwise direction by a regulating lever spring 'd8 hookedto a stud in a regulating lever 74 fixed to the lower end of regulatinglever shaft 'l0 as shown in Fig. 10. The other end of spring i3 bearsagainst a portion of the frame |58 causing regulating lever 'M normallyto ride on the irregular surface of a regulating cam H9. When cam H9 iscaused to rotate about its axis 255, as will be explained later, spring78 urges regulating lever 'M counter-clockwise as the radius of the camI I9 becomes smaller,

and the cam moves the lever clockwise as the radius of the cam H9becomes greater. This action as transmitted to regulating lever shaftstop 'II through shaft 'I0 is a necessary part of the film advancingcycle in both the Stereo and the Load positions of the selector lever I|4. In the Load position, this action permits the clutch lever spring 5Sto move the clutch lever 5I in this manner:

With the selector lever I I4 at the Load position as shown in Fig. 8,the index lever 50 is rocked clockwise to the position shown. In sodoing, tab |23 strikes fulcrum lever 50, pivoted on a stud 503projecting from the surface of the frame |08, said lever 60 having itsfree end bent over at 5I1 (Fig. 6) and hooked by an extension 554 onregulating lever stop 1I. Because the fulcrum 60 is so hooked, it cannotyield to the pressure of tab I23 and continued clockwise movement ofindex 50 by selector lever ||4 forces index 50 to rock about the tab|23, depressing the index lever pivot 500 and rocking clutch lever 5Icounter-clockwise against the tension of clutch spring 5B. (This is alsothe first manner of moving the clutch lever 5|.) This counter-clockwisemovement of clutch lever 5I disengages the clutch pinion 55 from theclutch gears 44 and 43. If the regulating lever stop 'II is now rockedclockwise by causing the ear 211 of cam IIB to pass under regulatinglever 14, the hook 504 Will release the free end of fulcrum lever 60,and fulcrum lever B will yield to the pressure of index tab |23resulting from the tension of clutch spring 58. In so yielding, thefulcrum lever 60 willpermit tab- I Z3 to follow it and clutch leverspring 58 pushes cup 5|B and pivot 500 to rock clutch lever I clockwise(Fig. 6). This clockwise rocking of clutch lever 5| causes the clutchpinion to bear on clutch gear 44, and, if properly aligned, engage theteeth of both gear 44 and gear 43. Therefore, the clutch spring 58 movesthe clutch lever 5I during the Load cycle. Also, the lever ||4 moves theclutch lever 5| during the Load cycle. As explained above, theregulating lever stop 1| moves the clutch lever 5| through the action ofspring 58 during the Load? cycle. It also moves the clutch lever throughthe action of the spring 58 during the Stereo cycle. With the selectorlever |I4 in the Stereo position as in Fig. 2 and the reg'uv latinglever 14 bearing on the regulating cam as in Fig. the extension 5Il oflever 'II cannot touch ear I23 of index lever 50. However, if cam IIS isrotated to permit regulating lever 14 to ride into the wide notch 215,regulating lever spring 'I8 will rock regulating lever 14counterclockwise into notch 218, and in so doing will rock regulatinglever stop 1I counter-clockwise sufiiciently far to cause tail 5I!) tocontact tab I23 and push it against the lesser tension of clutch spring58 until index lever tabs |24 and |25 are entirely clear of the camnotch |25 and the cutaway section of cam 59 leaving the cams |3 and 60free to rotate. The thrust of clutch spring 58 urges the clutch lever 5Ito move with the index lever 50 and results in a clockwise movement ofclutch lever 5| tending to engage the clutch.

In Fig; l0 it is seen that the shaft 33 will be locked against rotationby tab 2613 on a stop lever l5 pivoted upon the regulating lever shaft10 and urged in a counterclockwise direction by a spring 11. The stoplever tab 203 engages a notch |30 in the cam IIQ which is fixed to agear 19. In order to remove the stop lever tab 253 from lockingengagement, an extension 250 thereof engages a tab 253 on a primarylatch pawl release lever I3 which is urged in a counterclockwisedirection by a spring 250 passed about the lever pivot 2&2. The tab 203also engages a shoulder on a release lever I6 which is pivoted -at 232and urged counterclockwise by a spring |51. The trip button |33 rocks lavertically extending trip lever 241 which rocks the release lever I6clockwise, the tab 203 causing yclockwise movement of the primary latchpawl release lever I3 and clockwise movement of the stop lever 15 todisengage it from the cam notch |30. The free end of the lever I3 has atab extending downwardly to engage the right en-d of a primary latchpawl |34 pivoted about a timer cam shaft 49, as fully explained in theaforesaid application, Serial No. 754,961. An esoapement spring I4,having one end fastened about a stud 201 on the intermediate mountingplate |43, is tensioned about the shaft 49, and has its other endengaged with a pin 4G connecting the pawl |34 to a floating lever 8which is mounted beneath the plate |43, the pin 45 passing through anopening 20| in he plate. The pawl |34 is provided with a hook 230 whichholds the primary s-hutter latch 9 in holding position. When released bythe lever I3, the pawl |34 is driven counter-clockwise by the spring I4,the movement thereof being delayed or regulated by an escapementmechanism including a sector gear 24 having a pin 25 engaged in a slotin the iioating lever 8. The Sector gear engages a pinion gear 26fastened to a ratchet 23|) adapted to be engaged by the points of arocking escapement pawl 29. The 'floating lever 3 is providedy with anextension engageable with a timer cam (not shown) and thereby rocked insuch manner as to cause the tail 2H] thereof to rock a secondary latchrelease pawl II counter-clockwise against the tension of its spring |45to release the secondary shutter latch I 0.

As explained in the aforesaid application, Serial No. 754,961, themechanism may be so adjusted as to cause release of latch I 0 prior tothe release of latch 9 for taking an instantaneous exposure, or aninfinitely variable fixed time interval after release of latch 5 fortaking high speed variably timed exposures, or a manually controllabletime after release of latch 3 for taking timed exposures of greatlength. In the latter case, movement of release lever I6 clockwise doesnot aff-eet the release of secondary latch I0; this latch is onlyreleased when the release lever I5 is returned to initial position byspring |51 `and the end thereof strikes a pin v|58 extending upward fromfloating lever 8 through a slot 2 I 5 in plate |43.

When any type of exposure is initiated, the pawl |34 movescounter-clockwise and locks the release lever I3 in position against thetension of its spring 250. This action moves the stop lever 15 to aclockwise position out of engagement with the cam ||9 against thetension of its spring 11. The counter-clockwise movement of primarylatch pawl |34, immediately after its release by pawl release lever I3,brings the arcuate face of primary latch pawl |34 in the path' of theear on lever I3 prohibiting counter-clockwise rotation of lever I3, andlocking stop lever 15 out of notch |30. Lever I6 may then be returned toits normal position by the spring |51 upon release of the trip button|33. The stop lever 15 will be held outward until the reset knob isrotated suiciently to cause an offset |43 on reset crank 35 to engage apin 51 on the left end of primary latch pawl |34 and rock it clockwiseto the position illustrated in Fig. 10 thus permitting the release leverI3 to return to its position illustrated in Fig. 10. A latch 16 pivoteclat 506 on stop lever 15, Fig. l0, has three tabs thereon. Tab 536 (Fig.4) is bent down and hooks over a corner of regulating lever 14. Tab 53|is an extension of tab 530 but projects upwardly to engage the edge ofstop lever 15. Tab 501 (Fig. 10') is also bent downwardly, and liesWithin the radius of the ear 211 of cam IIS, so that clock- Wiserotation of cam I|6 causes ear 211 to strike tab 591 and rotate latch 16counter-clockwise suiciently for tab 530 to move from engagement withthe corner Kof lever 14. Continued rotation of cam I I9 causes the ear211 to pass out of :contact with tab 561, permitting latch spring V508to rotate latch 16 clockwise until tab 553i again rests against the edgeof stop lever 'I5 and prohibits additional clockwise rotation of thelatch 16.

With the selector lever |I4 in Load position, the ear 211 rocksregulating lever 14 clockwise suiciently to permit regulating lever stop1i to unhook fulcrum lever 66 as in Fig. 6, whereupon the bent-down end|1 of fulcrum lever |60 then hooks the stop 1 I, locking stop 1| againstcounterclockwise movement. Because both the stop 1I and the regulatinglever 14 are iixed to the shaft 10, the regulating lever 'I4 is alsoheld against counter-clockwise movement and maintains the position asshown in Fig. l1 even after the ear 211 passes out of contact with lever14. The stop lever 15 will also be locked against counter-clockwisemovement by the latch tab 535 bearing on the corner of regulating lever12, and will remain so locked until the notch |130 is out of alignmentwith the stop lever tab 263, and both the notch |30 and the ear 211 havebeen rotated clockwise to a position where the ear 211 trips the latch16 by engaging the latch tab 501 and rotating the latch until the tab53| has disengaged the corner of lever 14. When so disengaged, thecorner can no longer hold stop lever 'I5 against the tension of itsspring 18 and the stop lever 15 moves counter-clockwise where it is inposition to lock cam |I9 against rotation when the notch |36 againaligns with stop lever tab 263.

It will be noted that the cooperation of the regulating cam with theclutch mechanism accomplishes two objectives:

l. The clutch is lengaged and the lm thereby started to advance at yadenite part of the cam rotation (i. e. when the cam ear 211 strikes theend of regulating lever 14 and moves it, and the regulating lever stop1|, clockwise to unhook fulcrum -lever 60) 2. After the clutch isengaged, it remains engaged for somewhat more than ya full revolution ofcam ||9 (i. e. the ear 21'! moves stop lever 15 out of position toengage the cam notch 30, and d-oes so a fraction of a revolution beforenormal engagement, and latch 16 does not release stop lever 15 untilnotch |30 has passed stop lever tab 263) Tab 263 does enter notch |30and stop the cam rotation when they next align. (Therefore, stop lever15 is inoperative for somewhat more than a complete revolution of camH9, and the equivalent spool winding for this cam rotation is suicientto advance fresh film to both light tunnels.)

Exposure counter dial and film measuring mechanism--As is customary in35 millimeter cameras, the camera is provided withv an exposure counterdial 65 and related mechanism. Means are provided to set the numeral l.on the dial opposite the lixed indicator on the frame of the camerawhen the film has been loaded as previously set forth. A secondaryobject achieved 12 by setting the counter dial is to insure that afterthe rst exposure the lm will advance one frame only. When takingstereoscopic pictures, it will be seenthat the rst and third frames willbe exposed on the rst exposure; advancing the lm one frame will positionthe second and fourth frames for the second exposure, and the secondadvancing movement of the film should be for the extent of three framesin order to position the fourth and sixth frames opposite the lighttunnels. Thereafter, when taking stereoscopic pictures, the lm should beadvanced alternately one frame and three frames. Setting the exposuredial to the number 1 after loading the film, when the selector knob |21is placed at Stereo and allowed to remain there, will cause thisalternate one and three frame advancing movement to occur in propersequence.

Before adjusting the position of the exposure counter dial 65, theselector knob I 21 is set to place the word Stereo opposite the pointer,at which position the selector arm ||4 is moved to the positionillustrated'in Fig. 2. In this position arm ||4 contacts neither theclutch lever 5| nor the clutch index 50 and therefore has no effect onthe clutch operation. Also, the spring 39 remains in snubbing position.The exposure counter dial 65 is then turned counter-clockwise which,through the medium of the vertical bushing upon which the dial ismounted and the gear 64 fixed to the lower end thereof, rotatesclockwise a gear 61 splined to a shoulder on cam 69. Cam 69 is looselymounted upon the upper end of the shaft 10 (Fig. e). A spring 68 ishooked into the gear 61, extends partially around the shaft 'III and 1Shooked over a pin depending from a gear 66 into a EBU-degree slot ingear 61. Gear 66 is loosely mounted on a second shoulder of cam 69.

rlhe spring 68 is so tensioned that counterclockwise rotation of pinion20 drives through gears 66 and 61 to gear 64 without stressing thespring, but counter-clockwise rotation of dial 65 drives pinion 20 bygears 64, 66, and 61 through the resiliency of the spring, so thatlocking of pinion 2li by the engagement of index lever tab |24 insprocket cam notch |26 permits gear 61 y to rotate after gear 66 islocked by pinion 20.

The tension of the spring normally permits knob 65 to rotate cam I8without delecting the spring 68, and it is only after the locking of camI8 that relative rotation of gears 61 and 66 is possible. The action ofthe snubbing spring 2| permits the shaft I1 to be rotatedcounter-clockwise by dial 65 without turning the sprocket I9. Rotationof the pinion 20 in this manner causes rotation of a sprocket cam I8fixed to pinion 29, Without eiect on the position of the sprocket I9.The clutch spring 58 urges clutch index ears |24 and |25 on the clutchindex 50 against the faces of cams I8 and 69 respectively. The cam 69 isprovided with a major radius portion extending substantially degreesthereabout, minor radius portion extending substantially 90 and a spiralportion extending substantially 90. The cam I8 is provided with a notch|26 of suihcient Width to receive the ear |24. If the minor radius orspiral of cam 69 is in position to receive the ear |25 when the ear |26aligns with notch |26, the clutch index 50 is urged counterclockwise tothe position illustrated in Figs. 2 and '1, provided extension 5|0 hasbeen Withdrawn from tab |23. If the notch |26 is not in properalignment, or the major radius of cam 69 is presented toward the ear|25, the clutch index 50 remains in the position illustrated in Fig. 6without being moved thereto by the-regulating lever I I4.

The clutch index ear |24, upon entering the sprocket cam notch |26,locks the cam It against further rotation. However, the gear ratiosinvolved are such that cam I 8 may make four complete revolutions to onerevolution of cam |39 so that the ear |24 may enter the notch |26 ineither one of two lm measuring positions: either in the position readyto advance one frame or the position ready to advance three frames. Asseen in Fig. 2, the mechanism is ready to advance one frame. It can beseen that if the clutch index i! is moved clockwise to clear the ear |24from the notch |26, the sprocket cam I 8 may make one completerevolution counter-clockwise, in which position the ear |25 will beopposite the spiral radius portion of cam 59 and the ear |24 may stopthe cam I8 after one revolution. However, the next quarter revolution ofcam 69 places the major radius thereof opposite the ear |25 and ear |24will be prevented from entering slot |26 until the cam I8 completesthree revolutions. Each revolution of cam I8 is accomplished by the filmsprocket perforation turning the lm sprocket while the lm advances oneframe.

For eflicient lm consumption, it is necessary for the film to advanceonly one frame after the first exposure, and to insure that the initialsetting fullls this requirement, provision is made for the automaticunlocking of the sprocket cam I8 when cam 69 is incorrectly positioned.To u achieve this the regulating lever shaft spring 68 acts as aflexible coupling.

The dial 65 drives the gear 64 by a friction washer iixed to the shaftand bearing against the lower surface of gear 64. If the clutch indexear |24 engages the sprocket cam I 3 when cam 5S) is ready to measureone frame, counterclockwise movement of dial 65 may be made against thetension of spring 68 for substantially one-quarter turn, whereupon thepin projecting from gear 66 through the 90 slot in gear BI strikes theend of the slot and further rotation of the knob can only be made byforcibly slipping the friction washer. If the clutch index ear |24engages the sprocket cam I8 when cam 69 is ready to measure threeframes, the 90 rotation of the regulating lever shaft cam 69, permittedby the resiliency of the spring 68, wedges the clutch lever index ear|24 out of the notch |26 due to the rotation of the spiral portion fromthe minor radius to the major radius contacting the index ear |25, thuspermitting spring 68 to rotate cam I8 one revolution. Dial 65 may now beturned until the cams and ears are aligned again. At this position theclutch index ear |24 again drops into the sprocket cam notch |26 asbefore. Further rotation of the exposure counter dial 65, and theregulating lever shaft cam 69 through the 90 degrees permitted by thespring coupling 68, cannot wedge the clutch lever index ear |24 out ofthe notch |26 because the minor radius of the cam 69 is still presentedtoward the ear |25. At this point the operator will feel the drag of thefriction washer and will know that the cams I8 and 6B are oriented. Hethen turns the exposure counter dial 65 against the resistance of thefriction washer gear 64 in a clockwise direction suiiiciently to bringthe numeral 1 opposite the index point, indicating that the camera isready to take the rst exposure. The parts then remain in that positiondue to the drag of the friction Washer on gear 64.

In Fig. 12 it will be seen that the fulcrum lever 60 is mounted upon astud 5|i3 having a reduced end extending through the lever. A spring 526is passed through an opening in the reduced end of the stud and istensioned about the lever 66 to urge it in a counterclockwise direction.When the hook 564 on lever 1| is rocked clockwise, the fulcrum lever GUis free to move in a clockwise direction when forced to do so by tab|23. The hooked end 5I'I of fulcrum lever 66 then passes in front of theportion 564 of lever 7|, as seen in Fig. 6, to prevent the lever fromreturning until released to do so. In order to assure return of thefulerum lever St when released, a ratchet device is provided comprisingratchet teeth E2! cut into the hub of the shaft upon which the exposurecounter dial 55 is mounted. The ratchet teeth may be engaged by a hookon the end of a ratchet pawl 522 pivotally mounted upon a stud 523ydepending from the fulcrum lever 6d. A spring 524 is hooked about anedge of the ratchet pawl to urge it in a clockwise direction in order tobe engageable with the ratchet teeth 52|. When the JEule-rum is in theposition shown in Fig. 7 the tab |23 will be withdrawn from the positionillustrated in Fig. 12, thus removing it from engagement with an ear 525on the pawl 522 and permitting the pawl to rock clockwise to engage withthe ratchet teeth. Therefore, during the operation of loading, aspreviously described, clockwise rotation of the exposure dial to set thenumeral l opposite the index pointer will cause engagement of the pawlwith the ratchet teeth to return the fulcrum lever 66 to its normalposition. The engagement will be permitted to the extent necessary toreturn the fulcrum lever 66 to the position illustrated in Fig. 12, inwhich the ear 525 again engages the tab |23, causing counterclockwisepivoting of the pawl to remove the pawl from the ratchet teeth andpermit the dial to be rotated clockwise as far as necessary to set thenumeral 1 properly.

The taking of stereoscopic pictures-With the selector knob remaining inthe Stereo position, and the counter dial set at 1, the operatorachieves the simultaneous exposure of a .pair of pictures by depressingthe trip button |33. As previously explained, this releases theescapement and the shutter blades toI expose the nlm. The reset stoppawl 'I5 is disengaged from the reset cam I I9 by the movement of thelever I3 and is held thereby in disengaged position. The reset knob fillis then turned to reset the shutters and advance the film, the resetknob being no longer locked by the reset stop pawl 15. The rst fewdegrees of rota-- tion of the reset knob 40 permits the tab onregulating lever 'I4 to enter the cut-away 213 of cam IIB, thus causingspring 'i3 to rotate lever 74 and the shaft 1) connected theretocounterclockwise to an extent sufhcient to cause the extension 5U) onregulating lever shaft stop 'II to engage the tab I 23 on the clutchindex 5i) and, since the regulating lever spring 'i8 is much strongerthan the clutch spring 58, rotate the clutch index 5I) clockwise againstthe pressure of spring 58 far enough to carry the index ear 24 out ofthe sprocket cam notch |25. Simultaneously, the clutch lever 5l isrocked clockwise to cause engagement of the clutch pinion with theclutch gears 43 and 44, permitting the reset knob 4t* to drive the nlmspool 4| and thus advance the Jrlhn. Movement of the .nlm rotates thesprocket IQ, engaging the film perforations, causing simultaneousrotation of the cams IS and Sii. Shortly thereafter, the recessedportion 218 of cam |59 moves beyond the regulating lever I4 and cam IISreturns lever 'I4 and stop 'II to their normal positions where theextension 5m of the regulating lever shaft stop 1| 15 clears the tab |23and the clutch is held in engagement only by the interference of cams isand 59 with ears |24 and |25. The recessed portion 218 extendsthroughout less of an arc than the arc required to move the hlm oneframe so that releasing of the clutch index l? occurs before the notch|25 again aligns with the ear |25. When the notch |26 aligns with theear |241 the clutch index 5) moves counterclockwise, removing the clutchpinion 55 from the clutch gears Yand permitting completion of therevolution oi cam ||9 to reset the camera mechanism without furtheradvance of the film, the knob i5 being locked as soon as tab 255 canenter notch i3@ at the completion of one revolution of cam l lil.

After the next exposure, substantially the same operation occurs exceptthat cam Se now interferes with movement of the clutch index oar |25 andprevents the ear Mld from entering the notch |26 until the film has beenadvanced three frames. As soon as this is accomplished, the ear |25engages the minor portion of cam 69 and the ear |2il enters the notch|26 to lock the sprocket and disengage the clutch. Thereafter, theremaining portion of a revolution of cam i i9 completes the resettingcycle, as previously explained.

Rotation of the sprocket |B by the im turns the sprocket cam I8 and theregulating lever shaft cam |59 as well as the exposure counter dial 55,the gear ratios and the spacing of the successive numerals on the dialbeing such that the successive numerals appear opposite the xed pointereven though the film advance is alternately onev and three frames.

The taking of single picturea-The camera of the present, invention maybe utilized for taking single exposures in the following manner: Thecamera is provided with a lens cap of any usual style (not shown), whichmay be placed over one of the lens assemblies so that releasing theshutter by depressing the trip button E33 permits exposure through theother lens assembly only. The cap is then removed and placed on theother lens assembly. The selector knob |111 is then moved to positionthe Rewind indication opposite the xed index point. With the seletcor inthis position the selector lever lid is in the `position illustrated inFig. '1, having rocked the clutch lever 5| counterclockwise to disengagethe clutch pinion 55, thus permitting rotation of the reset knob @dwithoutl turning the film spool di. IThe reset knob is rotated until thereset cam |51 has made one complete revolution to reset the shutters andtension the escapement spring. The trip button |331 is then depressed totake the other single exposure. Frames one and three are now exposedand, by positioning the selector knob -at Stereo position and turningthe reset knob lili as far as possible, frames two and four areautomatically positioned in the light tunnel apertures. By capping alens as just described, a third single exposure may now be made, thereset knob turned to Rewind position and the shutter reset, the fourthsingle frame exposed, the reset knob turned to Stereo position and themechanism reset with the accompanying automatic advance of the lm threeframes. The entire film may be exposed in single exposures in this way,or single exposures may be interspersed with stereoscopic exposures byproper manipulation of the selector dial.

Film rewind-After the desired number of exposures has been taken, or theentire roll of film exposed 'as indicated by the counter dial, the iilmis rewound into the film cartridge by placing the selector knob |21 atRewind which, as previously explained, disengages the clutch. Suchmovement of the selector releases the rewind shaft snubbing spring 39 sothat the rewind knob 31 may be turned clockwise until the entire lengthof hlm is wound into the cartridge. The rewind knob 31 may then bepulled outward to disengage the rewind shaft 38 from the cartridge, andthe cartridge removed from the camera.

Operation-Even though the operation of the parts has been previouslydescribed, it is thought best to repeat the operation in sequence. Theoperator loads the lm in the conventional manner by removing the cameraback and with the selector at Rewindj hooking the leader into the slotin the film spool and placing the film magazine in the film magazinecavity. With the cover replaced, the selector knob |21 is turned to Loadand the reset knob turned counterclockwise as far vas possible, aftermaking certain that the shutter controlling mechanism is released bydepressing button |33. The selector knob |21 in this position causes theselector arm H4 to engage the clutch index 5|! and rotate it about theear |23 bearing on fulcrum lever Bil; in so doing the pivoted end of theclutch index 5|) exerts pressure on the clutch lever 5| torotate itabout the stud 55| and disengage the clutch. The reset knob may now berotated without advancing the film, the rotation being transmitted onlyto the reset gear 19 and reset cam I 9 which turn in a clockwisedirection.

The regulating lever 14, bearing on the reset cam H5, will ride on thecam surface without elect until it encounters the cam lobe 211. The camlobe 211 will force the regulating lever 111 clockwise, the regulatinglever carrying the stop lever 15 with it by reason of the latch 16. Theregulating lever 14 turns the regulating lever shaft 10 until the hookedend 5M of the regulating lever stop 1| unhooks the fulcrum lever 5%] andallows the fulcrum lever 5D to yield to the pressure of the clutch indexear |23. This relieves the pressure on the clutch index, permitting theclutch spring 58 to rotate the clutch lever 5| clockwise to engage theclutch so that further rotation of the reset knob 5|! will advance thelm. It is to be noted that this clutch engagement occurs While the resetcam notch |38 is approaching the stop lever. If the stop pawl 15 is notpermitted to engage the notch 53|] on this first approach, then cam ||9will be permitted to make more than one full turn before the stop pawland cam notch once more coincide. Inasmuch as one full turn of the cam||9 is equivalent to the advance of somewhat more than three frames ofllm it is evident that the film spool will advance the film more thanthree frames which will present fresh hlm to the light tunnels. The stoplever 15 is not permitted to engage the cam notch |3|l on the firstapproach by reason of the regulating lever 1li having tripped thefulcrum lever 6|) which then acts as a hook against the portion 504 ofregulating lever shaft stop 1| to prevent it from returning to itsformer position and thus holding the regulating lever 14 at the positionto which it is movedl by the cam lobe 211. Accordingly, because of thelatch 16,` the reset stop lever 15 is also held away from the camsurface.

After the cam notch |30 has passed the stop pawl as the nlm leader isbeing wound onto the nlm spool, the cam lobe 211 contacts the latch 16to disengage it from the regulating lever 14 asienta and permit the stoplever 75 to return to its active position ready to engage the notch |30.Upon completion of this revolution of the cam, it will be locked by thestop lever engaging the notch |30 and prevent further rotation of the lmspool and reset knob. This completes the measuring of the nlm leader.

It is customary in conventional cameras to set the exposure counter dialto the numeral 1 after loading with fresh film, and this operation isalso required in this camera except that it accomplishes an additionalobjective, namely, it insures that the rst exposure will be followed bya one-frame film advance and not a three-frame advance. Before settingthe exposure counter dial 65 the selector knob |21 is set to the Stereoposition, in which position the selector arm I4 is in neutral,contacting neither the clutch lever 5| nor the clutch index 55, and sohas no effect on the clutch operation. The exposure counter dial B5 maybe turned counter-clockwise which, by means of the pinion 25 and gears66 and 67, turns the regulating lever shaft cam 69 clockwise and thesprocket cam IS counter-clockwise, the sprocket shaft Il turning withinthe stationary sprocket I9 because the snubbing spring 2| does not gripthe shaft in that direction of relative rotation. The clutch spring 53urges the clutch index ears |24 and |25 against the cams I8 and 69, theear |24 moving into the sprocket cam notch |26 when that notch ispresented concurrently with the reduced area of the regulating levershaft cam E9. When the clutch index ear |24 enters the notch |25, thecam I8 is locked against further rotation. The alignment of the two camsis such that the index ear |24 may enter its notch at either one of twofilm measuring positions; either in the position ready to advance oneframe, or in the position ready to advance three frames. Provision ismade for the automatic unlocking of the sprocket cam I 3 if the filmmeasuring mechanism is now positioned to advance three frames. Toachieve this, the regulating lever shaft cam 68, the regulating levershaft gear 66, and the regulating lever shaft lost motion gear 61 are soarranged that the cam 69 is integral with gear 6'I and the two are freeto rotate with respect to gear 66 for approximately 90, being positionedonly by the tension of regulating lever shaft spring 58. The springnormally permits the gear 64 to drive the gears 6l and 66 as a unitthrough the resilience of the spring 68. The spring is strong enough topermit the exposure counter dial 65 to drive the sprocket cam I8 againstthe normal friction of the parts, but upon locking of the sprocket camI8 by the ear |24 engaging in the notch |26, further rotation of theexposure counter dial deiiects the spring 68 and results in the rotationof the regulating lever shaft cam 69 through 90 degrees while gear B6and cam I8 are held stationary. The 90-degree rotation of the regulatinglever shaft cam 69 wedges the ear I 24 out of the notch |26 if the 90spiral is adjacent the ear |25. This permits continued rotation of thetwo cams by the dial 65 to the next position where the two cams I8 and69 align. At this position, ear |24 engages the notch |25, but furtherrotation of the cam 69, as permitted by the spring G3, cannot wedge theclutch lever ear out of the notch because the spiral surface of the cam69 does not lie in the 90 quadrant through which it is permitted toturn. At this point the operator will feel the drag caused by thefriction of the spring washer against gear 64 and will know that cams I8and I9 are oriented. .He then 18 turns the exposure counter dial 65clockwise until the numeral l is opposite the index pointer. The camerais now properly loaded with all exposed leader wound past the exposurearea, the nlm metering device set to advance one frame on the nextfeeding movement, the shutter and escapement mechanism tensioned in Setposition, and the exposure dial set at the numeral l.

In order to take stereoscopic pictures, the operator presses the button|33 which moves the release lever I@ and the release lever I3 todisengage the primary latch pawl |54. The primary latch pawl is urged ina counter-clockwise direction by the escapement spring I4 and in sodoing drives the escapement gears and effects the release of the shutterblades to expose the nlm. The reset stop pawl 'l5 is disengaged from thereset cam IIS by the lever I3 and held in releasing position by themovement of the primary latch pawl |34 past the face of the lever I3.The shutter may be reset and the nlm advanced by turning the reset knob4d. lThis rotates the reset cam H9 to permit the regulating lever "i4 toenter the cut-away section 278, rotating the regulating lever shaft l@far enough to cause the portion 5||l on the regulating lever shaft stopto strike the ear |23 on the clutch index 59, and since the regulatinglever spring 'i8 is much stronger than the clutch spring 53, to move theclutch index 50 and thereby withdraw the ear |24 from the notch |26 andengage the clutch. This permits the reset knob 4i) to drive the i'llmspool and advance the film. Thus fllm advancing movement is initiatedimmediately after initiation of a resetting cycle. Movement of the filmrotates the cams I8 and Shortly thereafter the reduced section 2li? ofcam its passes beyond the regulating lever "id, which is returned to itsnormal position where the portion 5I|l no longer engages the ear |23.The clutch index 50, however, is held in clutch engaging position bytheinterference of cams i5 and G9 with the ears |24 and |25. The cam I8will soon have made one complete revolution corresponding to the advanceof one frame of nlm and the ears |24 and |25 will engage the reducedportions of the aligned cams, disengaging the clutch and locking thesprocket I9 against further rotation. Additional rotation of the resetknob 4B continues revolution of the reset cam I|9 until the stop pawlengages the notch ISS to prevent further rotation of the reset knob. Theshutter blades and escapement are returned to Set position during thiscomplete revolution of cam IIQ. The exposure counter dial has been movedto set the numeral 2 opposite the index by the one revolution of cam i8.Upon the next depression of button |33 and rotation of the re-Il setknob, the same operation is repeated except that cam 59 prevents returnof the clutch index to unclutching position until cam I8 has made threecomplete revolutions corresponding to the advance of three frames.During this advance the dial moves to position the numeral 3 oppositethe index pointer.

It is also possible to take single pictures by capping one lens, thuspermitting exposure of only one frame of the pair normally exposed.After the rst exposure, the operator changes the cap to the other lensand resets the shutter without advancing the film by setting theselector knob |21, to Rewind and turning the reset knob 45 as far aspossible. This results in moving the selector arm ||4 into engagementwith the clutch lever 5|, holding it in counter-clockwise direction andforcibly disengaging the clutch.

asienta omplete rotation' of `knob 4531 therefore results solely inresetting of the shutter'mechanism. The second singlel picture may nowbe taken and the film advanced by placing the selector knob' |521- atStereo and turning the reset knob at as far as possible. If additionalsingle pictures are desired; theY foregoing procedure may be repeated.

After the desired numberof pictures have been taken, the film is rewoundinto the magazine by placing the selector knob |21 at "Rewindj whichdisengages the clutch. At the same time the selector arm l lliuntensionsthe rewind shaft snubbing spring 39, whichl permits the rewindshaft to be turned in clockwise direction until the entire exposedlength is wound inside the film cartridge. The cartridge may thenberemoved by pulling. the rewind knob 3-1 outward while the spring St isheld in released position by the selector.

Conclusion- Having illustrated and described a preferred embodiment ofmy present invention, it should be apparenttothoseskilled in the artthat the invention permits of modication in detail and arrangement. Allsuch modifications as come within the truespirit andv scope of theappended claims are considered to be a part of my invention.

I claim:

l. A film measuring device for a camera comprising a sprocket engagingthe lm, a iirst controlmember rotated by said sprocket upon filmadvance, nlm advancing means includinga clutch, a clutch index engagingsaid rst control member and movable thereby to clutch disengagingposition after a single frame of film has arvanced, a second controlmember rotated by said: sprocket, and means on said clutch' indexengaging said second control member to render said clutch indexineffective at every alternate film` advance until the alternate nlmadvance has resulted in the movement of a pluralityr or film frames.

2; In a' film advance mechanism for a camera, a clutch operating memberhaving' a :FirstV cam follower and a secondv cam follower thereon, a rstcam. having a notch capable of receiving said rst cam follower, a secondcam having a minor radius portion capable of receiving said second camfollower to permit the movement of said first cam follower into saidnotch, the remainder of said second cam preventing such movement, meansnormally` coupling saidV cams for simultaneous rotation, with said rstcam making four revolutions to one of saidsecond cam, and meanspermitting independent movement of said second cam through a fraction ofa revolution when said rst cam followeris engaged in said notch.

3. A iilm advancing and measuring device including a rotatable member, alm spool adapted to be clutched to said member for rotation therewith, aclutch for engaging said member with said film spool, clutch operatingmeans movable by the advancing nlm for` disengaging said ,clutch after apredetermined amount of lm has-advanced comprising a clutch controllingelement normally movable through a clutch engaging and disengaging cycleduring the advance of a unit of iilm, and means movable into engagementwith said clutch controlling element bythe advancing nlm for renderingsaid element ineffective to disengage said clutch at each alter-nateadvance of the iilm until advance of a plurality of: film units hasoccurred.

4'.. In a camera, shutter resetting, mechanism,

film advancingl mechanism, clutch means ,move able to clutching;`position such that said mechanisms' are interconnected wherebyyoperationof said resetting mechanism is accompaniedl by operation ofsaid iilm advancing' mechanism, clutch controlling means including aiilmLmeasuring device and cam means rotated by said film measuringdevice to operate said clutch controlling mechanism to disengage saidclutch alternately upon advance of a short length of film and uponadvance ofY a longV length of iiljm, an exposure indicator operated' bysaid film measuring device for indicating the number of exposures, afriction connection between said indicator and said film measuringdevice wherebyv said indicator mayy be set at a starting positionwithout moving` the film, andv means interconnecting said indicator andsaid cam meansY to set said cam' means when said indicator is moved tothe starting position in suchv position` with respect tol said clutch'controllingv mechanism as to cause disengagement oi' said clutch afterVadvance of a short length of lm upon the first actuation of said lmadvancing meansl after setting said exposurei'ndicator at its startingposition.

5. In a stereoscopic camera, means for exposing simultaneously a pair offrames of -lm separated by an unexposed frame, a manually rotatableknob, camera resetting mechanism connected to said knob and movablethereby through a resetting cycle, film advancing means, a clutch whichupon engagement connects said nlm advancing means to saidA knob, meansactuated by said resetting mechanism to engage said clutch uponinitiation' of a cycle of said resetting; mechanism, clutch controllingmeans movable by the advancing lm to disengage said clutch durin-g eachcycle of said resetting mechanism` alternately after an` advance, of asingleunit of film orv ofv a plurality of units of nlm, a hlmV cartridgechamber and a' lm receiving chamber separated a distance such that uponIloading the camera a leaderY of more than three film frames is exposed,and manually movable means movable to block said clutch controllingmeans whereby to prevent disengagement of said clutch during the initialresetting cycle after loading the carnera so that initial" resettingofthe camera:v may be accompanied bya film movement of morethan threeframes in order to advance' the exposed leader.

6; In a stereoscopic camera,.m'eans or'exposing4 simultaneously a pairof frames of lm separated Aby anunexposed frame, a. nianuallyrotatableknob, camera resetting mechanism ccnnected to saidiknobandlmovablethereby through aresettingi cycle, iilm advancing means, a clutch whichupon engagement connects said: film advancing means to said knob, meansactuated by said resetting mechanism to engage saidl clutch uponinitiation, ofn a cycle ofisaid resetting mechanism,A clutch controllingmeans movable by the advancing film to.) disengage said clutch, duringeach. cycle of saidr resettingv mechanism alternately after anV advanceof a singleunitof nlm or ofv a plurality of units of lm, a filmcartridge chamber and a film receiving chamber separated a distancesuchA that upon loading. the cameral a leader of more than threeiilmframes is exposed, manually selectablemeans toprevent`disengagement` of said clutchy during; theinitial resetting cycleafter.' loading the camerav whereby initial resetting of the camera' maybei accompanied: by a. film movement of more than threef-ramcs 'toadvance the exposed leader, an exposure ind-icator operated by theadvancing film for indicating the number of exposures, a frictionconnection between said indicator and said controlling means wherebysaid indicator may be set at a starting position without affecting saidcontrolling means, and means connected to said indicator and movablethereby when being set at the starting position to condition saidcontrolling means to disengage said clutch after advance of a singleframe of film during the next resetting operation.

7. In a roll film camera, means for advancing the film including amanual knob, a film advancing clutch member movable into clutchingengagement with said knob, resetting mechanism fixed to and actuated bysaid knob, shifting mechanism for shifting said clutch member from andto clutching position, means actuated by said resetting mechanism andconnected to said shifting mechanism for shifting said clutch member toclutching position upon initiation of operation of said resetting means,manually positionable clutch controlling mechanism movable to aplurality of positions, means rotated by the film and engageable withsaid shifting mechanism to move said clutch member to unclutchingposition alternately after advance of one and three frames of film ateach resetting operation when said clutch controlling mechanism is movedto one position with relation to said clutch shifting mechanism, andmeans movable by said clutch controlling mechanism when moved to anotherposition to disengage said clutch shifting mechanism from said filmmeasuring mechanism to permit a lm advance of more than three framesduring a resetting operation.

8. In a roll film camera, means for advancing the film including amanual knob, a lm advancing clutch member movable into clutchingengagement with said knob, resetting mechanism fixed to and actuated bysaid knob, shifting mechanism for shifting said clutch member from andto clutching position, means actuated by said resetting mechanism andconnected to said shifting mechanism for shifting said clutch member toa clutching position upon initiation of operation of said resettingmeans, manually positionable clutch controlling mechanism movable to aplurality of positions, film measuring mechanism actuated by the filmand engageable with said shifting mechanism to move said clutch memberto unclutching position alternately after advance of one and threeframes of film at each resetting operation when said clutch controllingmechanism is moved to one position with relation to said shiftingmechanism, means movable by said clutch controlling mechanism when movedto another position to disengage said shifting mechanism from said filmmeasuring mechanism to permit a film advance of more than three framesduring a resetting operation, a rewind knob, snubbing means normallypreventing said rewind knob from rotating in a direction to rewind thefilm, means connected to said controlling mechanism for disengaging saidsnubbing means from said rewind knob when said controlling mechanism isset at a third position, and means to disengage said clutch when saidcontrolling mechanism is moved to said third position.

9. In a camera of the class described, the combination with a take-upspool positioned in one end of said camera, a Winding knob operativelyconnectable with said spool to rotate the latter to wind film thereon, aclutch including a driving gear, a driven gear and a clutch pinionpositionable in mesh with said driving gear and said driven gear toeffect operative connection of said knob to said spool or out of meshtherewith to permit rotation of said knob without effecting rotation ofsaid spool, a clutch pinion lever, carrying said clutch pinion,pivotally mounted in said camera and movable to a ciutch engagingposition in which said clutch pinion is in mesh with said gears or to aclutch disengaging position in which said clutch pinion is disengagedfrom said gears, a clutch lever pivotally connected to said clutchpinion lever for effecting movement thereof, manually selectable meansengageable With said clutch lever in one selected position to shift saidclutch lever, clutch pinion lever and clutch pinion to positions suchthat said clutch pinion is disengaged, spring means biased between saidcamera and said clutch lever to move said clutch lever, clutch pinionlever and clutch pinion to positions such that said clutch pinion isengaged when said clutch lever is released from said manually selectablemeans, shutter means in said camera releasable at will to effect anexposure, shutter resetting means interconnecting said winding knob withsaid shutter means and normally movable through a complete cycle by saidwinding knob to reset said shutter means, a lmengaged member rotatableby the film when moved during winding thereof upon said spool, andclutch lever controlling means comprising a clutch index pivoted to saidclutch lever and rotatable clutch index shifting means driven by saidrotatable member and engaging said clutch index to shift said clutchlever, clutch pinion lever and clutch pinion to disengaging positions ata selected point in the cycle of operation of said resetting means afterbeing moved to engaging positions by said spring means.

10. The structure set forth in claim 9, in which said rotatable clutchindex shifting means comprises a pair of recessed discs and gear meansbetween said discs driving one from the other in ratio of one to four.

11. The structure set forth in claim 9, in which said rotatable clutchindex shifting means comprises a pair of recessed discs and gear meansbetween said discs driving one from the other, and said clutch indexcomprises a pair of tabs each engageable in a recess of one of saiddiscs to shift said clutch index when said recesses are aligned withboth tabs.

12. In a camera, film advancing mechanism including a winding shaft, amanual knob and a clutch for connecting said knob to said shaft, aclutch lever for engaging and disengaging said clutch, said clutch leverbeing pivotally mounted in said camera, rst spring means biased to urgesaid clutch lever in a clutch engaging direction, second spring meansbiased to urge said clutch lever in a clutch disengaging direction, saidsecond spring means being stronger than said first spring means andcapable of overcoming said first spring means, a clutch index leverhaving a fulcrum thereon about which said clutch lever may pivot whenurged by said second spring means, a tab on said clutch index lever, anotched disc engaging said clutch index lever tab for holding saidfulcrum in position to cause said clutch lever to pivot to engagingposition under the infiuence of said second spring means, and meansengaged by the nlm to rotate said notched disc and position the notchthereof in alignment with said clutch index lever tab whereby saidfulcrum is displaced and said clutch lever may thereupon 231': bef-invedto disengaging position by. said nist s'prii'i'gfmeans.

13 acari-1era, 'anim advancing mechanism including afwinding, shaft, a.manual. knob and a; cliitcl'i for connectingsaid knob to said'. sha-ft,a clutchlever for engaging andi disengagi'ng. said clutch', said.clutchv lever being pivotally mounted in said carriera,- irst springmea-ns'v biased' to: urge said clutch lever a clutch engaging direction,second spring' means biasedl to. urge. saida clutch leverV iin a clutchldisengaging direction said second spring means being stronger than saidfirst spring ineansfand capableof overcoming saidfirst spring means, aclutch index lever having a fulcr-uinthereon .about which said clutch'.lever may pivot whenvr urged by said 'second-.spring means, a firsttab-on said clutch index lever, a notched disc engaging sai-d rst clutchindexY .lever tab for holdingl said fulcriimv inposition. to. cause saidclut'clr lever topivottc engaging position under thel iniiuenceof saidsecondspring means,vmearis engaged bythe film to rotate saidnotched`disc and' position the notch thereof .in alignment with said firstclutchindex lever tab whereby said fulcrum is displaced and said clutchlever may thereupon be moved'. to'. disengaging. position by said iirstspring means, aY second tabv on said clutch index lever, cam meansengaging said. second clutch index lever tab, and gears connectingsaidnotched disc and.' said. cam means and` driving said cam lmeans atai reduced rate of rotation, said cam `means..having a low portion ofsuch extent as` topermit said first clutch index lever tab toenter saidvnotch. at the completion of tvvo successive rotations of said notcheddisc and` ahigh. portionof. sucht extent as to prevent said iirstclutch` index lever tab from entering said notch on the next. twosuccessive rotations of saidnotcheddisc.

14', In a camera, a nlm advancing mechanism including: a: windingvshaft, a; manualknob and a clutch-- tor connecting said knob to saidshaft, a clutch lever for engaging and disengaging said clutch,l saidkclutch lever being pivotally mounted ins'aid camera, firstspring meansbiased to urge said clutch, lever in clutch engaging direction, secondspringy means biased to urge said clutch lever in a clutch disengagingdirection, said second spring means' being stronger than said firstspring, means and capable of overcoming said iirst spring means, aclutch index lever having a fulcrum thereon about which said clutchlever may .pivot when urged by said second spring means, a pair of tabson said clutch index, lever, a. notched disc engaging one of said clutchindex lever tabs for holding saidv fulcrum in position to cause saidclutch lever to pivot to engaging posi'- tion under the influence ofsaid second'spring means, means engaged by the film to'rotat'e saidnotched. disc and position the notch thereof in operative relation tosaid' one clutchin'dex lever tab whereby said fulcruin is displaced andsaid clutch lever may thereupon be moved to disengaging position by saidlfirst spring means', cam means engaging the other of said clutch 'indexlever tabs, four to one reduction gears connecting said notched disc andsaid cam mea-ns and driving said cam means, said cam means hav-ing a lowportion of such extent as to permit said one clutch ind'exlever'tab toenter said notch at-the completion of two successive rotations of saidnotched disc and a high portion of such extent as to prevent saidoneclutchindex lever tabfroin entering said notch on ythe next twosuccessive rotations of said notched disc, and a manuallypositicnableselector lever engageable with said clutch index lever in onev positionto hold said one clutch index lever tab from enteringy said notch.

15'. 1n a camera, a film advancing mechanism including a winding shaft,a manual knob and a clutch for connecting said knob to said shaft; aclutch leverv for engaging and disengaging said clutch, said clutchlever being pivotally mounted in said camera, first spring means biasedto urge said clutch lever in a` clutch engagingv direction, secondspring means biased toA urge said clutch lever in a clutch disengagingdirection, said second spring means being stronger than said firstspring means and' capable of overcomingsaid first spring means, a clutchindex lever having la fulcrum thereon about which said clutch lever maypivotv when urged by said second spring means, a pair of tabs on saidclutch index lever, av notched disc engaging one of said clutch indexlever tabs for holding said fulcrum in position to cause said clutchlever to pivot to engaging position under the influence of said secondspring means, and means engaged by the film to rotate saidl notched discand position the notch thereof in operative relation to said one clutchindex levertab whereby said fulcruin is displaced and said clutch levermay thereupon be moved to disengaging position by said first springmeans,r cam means engaging the other of said clutch index lever tabs,four'to one reduction gears connecting said notched and said cam meansand driving said cani means, said cam means having a low portion of suchextent as to permit said one clutch index' lever tab to enter said notchat the completion of two successive rotations of said notched disc and'a high portion of such extent as to prevent said one clutch index levertab froml entering said notch on the next two successive rotations ofsaid notched disc, a manually positionable selector lever engageablewith said clutch index. lever in one position to heidI said one clutchindex lever tab from entering said notch, and meansconnected to saidknob and niova'ble'thereby to shift said clutch lever to disengagi-ngposition while said one clutch index lever tab is held from lenteringsaid notch by said selector lever.

GORDON N. SMITH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,090,01'2l Young Aug. 17, 193'?2,169,99-l li/iihalyi Aug. 8, 1939 2,194,284 Kuppenbender Mar. 19, 19402,227,964 Drotninig Jan. 7, 1941 2,245,233l Mihalyi June 10, 19412,335,492' Friebe n-- Nov. 30,1943 2,345,999 BabcockY Apr. 4, 19442,335,133 Ayers Sept. 18, 1945 2,385,894 Fitz Oct. 2, 1945

